Jan 01, · VARIATIONS ON CASE STUDY METHODOLOGY. Case study methodology is evolving and regularly reinterpreted. Comparative or multiple case studies are used as a tool for synthesizing information across time and space to research the impact of policy and practice in various fields of social research [].Because case study research is in-depth and intensive, there have been efforts to simplify Oct 16, · @universityofky posted on their Instagram profile: “Like her sticker says, “Find your people.” College is a great place to do just that. Tag “your ” Pitzer's campus is in Claremont, California, covering an area of approximately 35 acres (14 ha). The campus is located approximately 10 miles (16 km) west of LA/Ontario International Airport and Los Angeles can be accessed via Metrolink, with the station located approximately eight blocks southwest of campus. Access to campus is also provided via Interstate 10 and Interstate
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Try out PMC Labs and dissertation on km related to it us what you think. Learn More. The purpose of this editorial is to distinguish between case reports and case studies, dissertation on km related to it. In health, case reports are familiar ways of sharing events or efforts of intervening with single patients with previously unreported features. As a qualitative methodology, case study research dissertation on km related to it a great deal more complexity than a typical case report and often incorporates multiple streams of data combined in creative ways.
The depth and richness of case study description helps readers understand the case and whether findings might be applicable beyond that setting. A previous editorial by Akers and Amos about improving case studies addresses issues that are more common to case reports; for example, not having a review of the literature or being anecdotal, not generalizable, and prone to various types of bias such as positive outcome bias [ 1 ].
However, case study research as a qualitative methodology is pursued for different purposes than generalizability. We believe that this will assist authors in describing and designating the methodological approach of their publications and help readers appreciate the rigor of well-executed case study research. Case reports often provide a first exploration of a phenomenon or an opportunity for a first publication by a trainee in the health professions.
In health care, case reports are familiar ways of sharing events or efforts of intervening with single patients with previously unreported features. Entire journals have evolved to publish case reports, which often rely on template structures with limited contextualization or discussion of previous cases.
Examples that are indexed in MEDLINE include the American Journal of Case ReportsBMJ Case Reports, Journal of Medical Case Reports, and Journal of Radiology Case Reports. Similar publications appear in veterinary medicine and are indexed in CAB Abstracts, such as Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Record Case Reports.
As a qualitative methodology, however, case study research encompasses a great deal more complexity than a typical case report and often incorporates multiple streams of data combined in creative ways. Delimitation is a term from qualitative research about setting boundaries to scope the research in a useful way rather than describing the narrow scope as a limitation, as often appears in a discussion section.
The depth and richness of description helps readers understand the situation and whether findings from the case are applicable dissertation on km related to it their settings.
Case study as a qualitative methodology is an exploration of a time- and space-bound phenomenon. As qualitative research, dissertation on km related to it, case studies require much more from their authors who are acting as instruments within the inquiry process. In the case study methodology, a variety of methodological approaches may be employed to explain the complexity of the problem being studied [ 23 ].
Leading authors diverge in their definitions of case study, but a qualitative research text introduces case study as follows:. Case study research is defined as a qualitative approach in which the investigator explores a real-life, contemporary bounded system a case or multiple bound systems cases over time, through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information, and reports a case description and case themes.
The unit of analysis in the case study might be multiple cases a multisite study or a single case a within-site case study. Methodologists writing core texts on case study research include Yin [ 5 ], Stake [ 6 ], and Merriam [ 7 ]. The approaches of these three methodologists have been compared by Yazan, who focused on six areas of methodology: epistemology beliefs about ways of knowingdefinition of cases, dissertation on km related to it, design of case studies, and gathering, analysis, and validation of data [ 8 ].
Case studies are ways to explain, describe, or explore phenomena. Comments from a quantitative perspective about case studies lacking rigor and generalizability fail to consider the purpose of the case study and how what is learned from a case study is put into practice.
Case studies should also provide multiple sources of data, a case study database, and a clear chain of evidence among the questions asked, the data collected, and the conclusions drawn [ 5 ]. Sources of evidence for case studies include interviews, documentation, dissertation on km related to it records, direct observations, participant-observation, and physical artifacts.
One of the most important sources for data in qualitative case study research is the interview [ 23 ].
In addition to interviews, documents and archival records can be gathered to corroborate and enhance the findings of the study. To understand the phenomenon or the conditions that created it, direct observations can serve as another source of evidence and can be conducted throughout the study. These can include the use of formal and informal protocols as a participant inside the case or an external or passive observer outside of the case [ 5 ].
Lastly, physical artifacts can be observed and collected as a form of dissertation on km related to it. With these multiple potential sources of evidence, the study methodology includes gathering data, sense-making, and triangulating multiple streams of data.
Figure 1 shows an example in which data used for the case started with a pilot dissertation on km related to it to provide additional context to guide more in-depth data collection and analysis with participants. Case study methodology is evolving and regularly reinterpreted. Comparative or multiple case studies are used as a tool for synthesizing information across time and space to research the impact of policy and practice in various fields of social research [ 9 ].
Because case study research is in-depth and intensive, there have been efforts to simplify the method or select useful components of cases for focused analysis, dissertation on km related to it. Micro-case study is a term that is occasionally used to describe research on micro-level cases [ 10 ]. These are cases that occur in a brief time frame, occur in a confined setting, and are simple and straightforward in nature, dissertation on km related to it.
A micro-level case describes a clear problem of interest. Reporting is very brief and about specific points. A micro-case write-up can be distinguished from a case report by its focus on briefly reporting specific features of a case or cases to analyze or learn from those features. Disciplines such as education, psychology, sociology, political science, and social work regularly publish rich case studies that are relevant to particular areas of health librarianship.
Case reports and case studies have been defined as publication types or subject terms by several databases that are relevant to librarian authors: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC. Case reports in MEDLINE and PsycINFO focus on clinical case documentation. Both CINAHL and ERIC acknowledge the depth of analysis in case study methodology. Also, a research method that involves an in-depth analysis of an individual, group, institution, or other social unit.
For material that contains a case study, search for document type: case study. We call your attention to a few examples published as case studies in health sciences librarianship to consider how their characteristics fit with the preceding definitions of case reports or case dissertation on km related to it research.
All present some characteristics of case study research, but their treatment of the research questions, richness of description, and analytic strategies vary in depth and, dissertation on km related to it, therefore, diverge at some level from the qualitative case study research approach. This divergence, particularly in richness of description and analysis, may have been constrained by the publication requirements. As one example, a case study by Janke and Rush documented a time- and context-bound collaboration involving a librarian and a nursing faculty member [ 15 ].
Three objectives were stated: 1 describing their experience of working together on an interprofessional research team, 2 evaluating the value of the librarian role from librarian and faculty member perspectives, and 3 relating findings to existing literature. This reads like a case study that could have been enriched by including other types of data gathered from others engaging with this team to broaden the understanding of the collaboration.
As another example, the description of the academic context is one of the most salient components of the case study written by Clairoux et al. The authors focus on sharing what the institution has done more than explaining why this institution is an exemplar to explore a focused question or understand the phenomenon of library instruction.
However, dissertation on km related to it, like a case study, dissertation on km related to it, the analysis brings together several streams of data including course attendance, online material page views, and some discussion of results from surveys.
This paper reads somewhat in between an institutional case report and a case study. The final example is a single author reporting on a personal experience of creating and executing the role of research informationist for a National Institutes of Health NIH —funded research team [ 17 ].
There is a thoughtful review of the informationist literature and detailed descriptions of the institutional context and the process of gaining access to and participating in the new role. However, the motivating question in the abstract does not seem to be fully addressed through dissertation on km related to it from either the reflective perspective of the author as the research participant or consideration of other streams of data from those involved in the informationist experience.
All of these publications are well written and useful for their intended audiences, but in general, they are much shorter and much less rich in depth than case studies published in social sciences research. It may be that the authors have been constrained by word counts or page limits. Problem-focused or question-driven case study research would benefit from the space provided for Original Investigations that employ any type of quantitative or qualitative method of analysis.
One of the best examples in the JMLA of an in-depth multiple case study that was authored by a librarian who published the findings from her doctoral dissertation represented all the elements of a case study.
In eight pages, she provided a theoretical basis for the research question, a pilot study, and a multiple case design, including integrated data from interviews and focus groups [ 19 ].
We have distinguished between case reports and case studies primarily to assist librarians who are new to research and critical appraisal of case study methodology to recognize the features that authors use to dissertation on km related to it and designate the methodological approaches of their publications. For researchers who are new to case research methodology and are interested in learning more, Hancock and Algozzine provide a guide [ 20 ].
We hope that JMLA readers appreciate the rigor of well-executed case study research. We also hope that authors feel encouraged to pursue submitting relevant case studies or case reports for future publication. National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. National Library of Medicine Rockville PikeBethesda MDUSA. NCBI Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To About NCBI Accesskeys My NCBI Sign in to NCBI Sign Out.
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Journal List J Med Libr Assoc v. J Med Libr Assoc. Published online Jan 1. doi: PMCID: PMC Kristine M. liamg iplasirk. John Jamal EvansPhD North Carolina Community College System, Raleigh, NC, ude.
segellocytinummoccn snavej. Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Oct 1; Accepted Oct 1. Copyright : ©Authors. Articles in this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract The purpose of this editorial is to distinguish between case reports and case studies. Leading authors diverge in their definitions of case study, but a qualitative research text introduces case study as follows: Case study research is defined as a qualitative approach in which the investigator explores a real-life, contemporary bounded system a case or multiple bound systems cases over time, through detailed, in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information, and reports a case description and case themes.
Open in a separate window. Figure 1. DATABASE INDEXING OF CASE REPORTS AND CASE STUDIES Disciplines such as education, psychology, sociology, political science, and social work regularly publish rich case studies that are relevant to particular areas of health librarianship, dissertation on km related to it. References 1. Akers KG, Amos K. Publishing case studies in health sciences librarianship [editorial] J Med Libr Assoc.
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, time: 37:58Pitzer College - Wikipedia
Pitzer's campus is in Claremont, California, covering an area of approximately 35 acres (14 ha). The campus is located approximately 10 miles (16 km) west of LA/Ontario International Airport and Los Angeles can be accessed via Metrolink, with the station located approximately eight blocks southwest of campus. Access to campus is also provided via Interstate 10 and Interstate Oct 16, · @universityofky posted on their Instagram profile: “Like her sticker says, “Find your people.” College is a great place to do just that. Tag “your ” Jackson State University (Jackson State or JSU) is a public historically black university in Jackson, blogger.com is one of the largest HBCUs in the United States and the fourth largest university in Mississippi. The university is a member of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity"
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